Tense

Tense: বাক্যের মধ্যে ক্রিয়ার সম্পন্ন হওয়ার সময়কে Tense বলে।
Tense কে তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।যথা
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
                 1. Present Tense.
বর্তমানে কোনো কাজ করা, হওয়া বা ঘটাকে Present Tense বলে।যেমন-
I am going to school.
Mim eats rich.
They have gone to school.
Present  Tense আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।যথা-
1. Present Indefinite Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
              1.  Past Tense
অতীতে কোনো কাজ করা হওয়া বলা ঘটনাকে Past Tense বলে। Past Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।যথা-
1.Past Indefinite
2.Past Continuous
3.Past Perfect
4.Past Perfect Continuous
               3.Future Tense
ভবিষ্যতে কোনো কাজ ঘটবে এরূপ বুঝালে তখন তাকে Future Tense বলে।Future Tense কে আবার চার ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।যথা-
1.Future Indefinite Tense.
2 Future Continuous Tense
3.Future Perfect Tense
4.Future Perfect Continuous Tense
             1.Present Indefinite
                      Affirmative
                   Sub+(V-1)+Ob.
🌹 Subject যদি third person singular number হয় তাহলে verb  এর সাথে s বা es যোগ করতে হয়।
🌹 যদি verb এ-র শেষে ss,sh,ch,x,o,z ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে es  যোগ করতে হয়।বাকি সব ক্ষেত্রে s যোগ করতে হয়।
🌹যদি verb এর শেষে দুটি vowel থাকে তাহলে s যোগ করতে হয়।
🌹যদি verb এ-র শেষে y থাকে এবং  তার আগে consonant থাকে তাহলে y বাদ দিয়ে ies যোগ করতে হয়।
                 Examples
I go to Dhaka.
He plays football.
Mina cooks food.
They play cricket.
We love our country.
                  Negative
Sub+do not/Does  not+(v-1)+ob.
🌹Subject third person singular number does not do not.
                    Examples
He does not go to school.
I do not play football.
They do not run in the sun.
                  Interrogative
          Do/does+sub+(v-1)+ob?
                  Examples
Do you play football?
Does he cut paddy? 
Does he go to school?
         Negative+Interrogative
                  Examples
Do/does+sub+not+(v-1)+ob?
Do you go to school?
Does he not play football?
      Present Continuous Tense
                Affirmative 
Sub+am,is,are+(v-1) ing+ob.
                Examples
I am going to school.
They are playing football.
We are walking on the road.
Subject যদি I হয় তাহলে am বসে,  third person singular number হলে is এবং বাকি সব ক্ষেত্রে are বসে।
                 Negative
Sub+is not,am not,are not+(v-1)ing+ob
                  Examples
He is not playing football.
My mother is not cooking dishes.
      .          Interrogative
      . Am,is,are+sub+(v-1)ing+ob?
                   Examples
Am I going to market?
Are they playing football?
             Negative +Interrogative
    Am,is,are+sub+not+(v-1)ing+ob?
                  Examples
Am I not going to market?
Is he not walking on the road?
            Present Perfect Tense
                  Affirmative
           Sub+have/has+(v-3)+ob.
I have gone to school.
They have played football.
He has cooked food.
                    Negative
     Sub+have/has+not+(v-3)+ob.
Mina has not cooked rice.
The cow has not eaten grass.
                 Interrogative
         Have/has+sub+(v-3)+ob?
Have you gone to school?
Has he played football?
         Negative +Interrogative
Have/has+sub+not+(v-3)+ob?
Has he not watched television?
Have they not run in the field?
      Present Perfect Continuous
                    Affirmative
Sub+has been/have been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+extra.
Note:নির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝাতে since বসে এবং অনির্দিষ্ট সময় বুঝাতে for বসে।
                      Examples
I have been going to School for an hour.
They have been playing football since morning.
                       Negative
Sub+has not been/have not been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Extra.
He has not been walking on the road for an hour.
She has not been cooking dishes for two hours.
                      Interrogative
Have/has+sub+been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Extra?
Has he been going to school for half an hour?
Have they been playing football since morning?
          Negatives +Interrogative
Have/has+sub+not been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Ex?
Have I not been going to Dhaka for two hours?
Has he not been playing cricket for two hours?
            Past Indefinite Tense
                  Affirmative
Sub+(v-2)+Object
                    Examples
I did the sum.
He went to school.
They played football.
                     Negative
Sub+did not +(v-1)+object.
                 .   Examples
I did not play football.
They did not walk on the road
Mina did not cook food.
                   Interrogative
Did+sub+(v-1)+ob?
                    Examples
Did he pluck grass?
Did they give milk?
           Negative +Interrogative
Did+sub+not+(v-1)+ob?
Did he not go to school?
Did they not play football?
         Past Continuous Tense
  Affirmative
Sub+was,were+(v-1)ing+ob.
I was going to school.
They were playing football.
He was cutting paddy.
Negative
Sub+was not,were not+(v-1)ing+ob.
She was not cooking food.
Mina was running in the field.
Interrogative
Was,were+Sub+(v-1)ing+ob?
Was he playing football?
Were they playing football?
Negative+Interrogative
Was,were+Sub+not+(v-1)ing+ob?
Were we not playing in the afternoon?
Was he not walking on the road?
Past perfect Tense
Affirmative
Sub+ had+(v-3)+ob.
He had gone to school.
They had played football.
We had run in the field.
Negative
Sub+ had not+(v-3)+ob.
I had not gone to market.
She had not cooked rice.
We had not played football.
Interrogative
Had+Sub+(v-3)+ob?
Had he gone to market?
Had he fought with me?
Had they played football?
Negative +Interrogative
Had+Sub+not+(v-3)+ob?
Had he not gone to market?
Had they not played football?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Affirmative
Sub+had been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Extra.
I had been playing football for two hours.
He had been cooking dishes for two hours.
Negative
Sub+had not been+(v-1)ing to school   for two hours.
They had not been playing football for an hour.
Interrogative
Had+sub+been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Extra?
Negative +Interrogative
Had+sub+not been+(v-1)ing+ob+since/for+Extra?
Had he not been playing football for two hours?
Future Indefinite
Affirmative
Sub+shall,will+(v-1)+ob.
I shall go to Dhaka.
He will play football.
Negative
Sub+shall not,will not+(v-1)+ob.
I shall not go to market.
She will not go to market.
Interrogative
Shall,will+sub+(v-1)+ob?
Shall I go to market?
Will they play football?
Negative +Interrogative
Shall,will+sub+not+(v-1)+ob?
Shall we not play football?
Will she not cook food?
Future Continuous Tense
Affirmative
Sub+shall be, will be+(v-1)ing+ob.
I shall be going to school.
They will be playing football.
Negative
Sub+shall not be, will not be+(v-1)ing+ob.
They will not be playing football.
He will not be cooking food.
Interrogative
Shall/will+Sub+be+(v-1)ing+ob?
Examples
Shall I be going to school?
Will you be playing football?
Negative +Interrogative
Shall/will+sub+not be+(v-1)ing+ob?
Shall you not be cooking food?
Will be not be playing football?
Future Perfect Tense
Affirmative
Sub+shall have/will have+(v-3)+ob.
I shall have gone to school.
They will have played football.
Negative
Sub+shall not have/will not have+(v-3)+ob.
I shall not have gone to Dhaka.
They will not have played football.
Interrogative
Shall/will+sub+have+(v-3)+ob?
Shall I have gone to school?
Will they have played football?
Negative +Interrogative
Will/shall+Sub+not have+(v-3)+ob?
Will they not have played football?
Shall I not have cooked rice?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Affirmative
Sub+will have been/shall have been+(v-1)ing+ob+since /for+Extra.
I shall have been going to school for two hours.
They will have been played football since morning.
Negative
Sub+will not have been/shall not have been+(v-1)ing+ob+since /for+Extra.
Momma will not have been cooking food for two hours.
He will not have been driving the car for two hours.
Interrogative
Shall/will+sub+ have been/ have been+(v-1)ing+ob+since /for+Extra?
Shall I have been playing football for two hours?
Negative+ Interrogative
Shall/will+sub+ not have been/ not have been+(v-1)ing+ob+since /for+Extra?